New 673 HP FENDT Tracked Tractor
The dominant energy sources on conventional farms in the developed world are diesel oil (to power tractors and other self-propelled equipment) and electricity (to provide light, heat and refrigeration; and to power electric motors to run milking machines, animal feeding systems, ventilation fans, water supply and irrigation systems). Ferguson developed a hydraulically activated three-point hitch to which implements could be attached and which could lift and lower implements to the required working position. Ferguson also developed automatic control systems (draft, position) which greatly enhanced the performance of the equipment. Draft control is a system whereby the drawbar pull can be maintained at a constant level by automatically adjusting the position of the implement (e.g. plow) in response to variations in draft (e.g. soil resistance).
When mechanical power becomes available, it is soon used for farmto-market transport. Early tractors had no tires and in the 1920s were rarely used for farm-to-market transport in the United States or Great Britain. Instead, mechanizing farmers bought both tractors and trucks at about the same time. That also happened in Mexico after 1960. For example, the growth of tractors in the United States was spread over a fifty-year period with occasional spurts, but once tractors became available, they took over primary tillage within a much shorter time. Their further growth involved shifting extra operations from horses to tractors. Today few farms in the Indian Punjab plow land with animals, thresh wheat by hand, or use Persian wheels. This is only fifteen years after tractors, threshers, and pumps became an important factor in Punjab farming.
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